You may remember a song called “Don’t worry, be happy” by Bobby McFerrin in the late 80’s. While it was a number one hit across many countries, the song’s lyrics, mainly financial related, seemed to resonate that most people tend to worry. Not surprisingly the late 80’s was a turbulent time financially with the historic crash of wall street and record-breaking interest rates. Fast forward to today, and people still seem to worry more about financial matters and job security much more than terrorism or childhood obesity according to the world economic forum. However, worrying about financial matters may be considered common amongst most people, and not a mental health concern. Moreover, there seems to be a positive aspect to worrying (e.g., money issues) which allows us to problem solve or have “ perceived control” over the future.
But what about when the worry is about multiple concerns (e.g., relationships, health, and finance) that doesn't subside and seems uncontrollable, creating distress and reduction in daily functioning? Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common mental health condition characterized by excessive anxiety and persistent worrying about a wide range of everyday concerns (e.g., finances or family relations).
Individuals with GAD find it difficult to control or stop worrying, where themes central to worrying are normally thoughts that are out of proportion to the likelihood or risk of these perceived events occurring. These worries occur on most days and significantly interfere with a person's daily life, accompanied by physical symptoms like:
(1) feeling on edge,
(2) difficulties with concentration (e.g., mind fog),
(3) muscle tension or
(4) changes in sleeping patterns.
These concerns are not to be confused with people which may only worry about only work or an upcoming financial obligation, but a person with GAD constantly worries about multiple matters with a reduced ability to control or soothe the worrying.
Some researchers have suggested "worry" is a core transdiagnostic feature of multiple disorders, meaning, that worry is common in many disorders, especially depression and anxiety. The psychological construct worry exists on a continuum, where one end of the continuum represents low levels and the other end high levels of worry. The letter “U” inverted may assist in visualizing when worry can be optimal and when it can be maladaptive. When worry is somewhere at the middle of the inverted “U” it is adaptive and beneficial, as all humans need some level of worrying to motivate problem solving and challenges. However, when there is little or too much worry, the ends of the inverted “U”, the person may experience distress from possible bad decisions (low worrying) or mental and behavioral paralysis from too much worrying.
Studies suggest that GAD may be more prominent in women, than man, where approximately 14% of people may be diagnosed with GAD each year, making it a very common disorder. Worry has been also associated with reduced sleep duration and quality. Well validated and reliable surveys (e.g., Penn State Worry Questionnaire) may also help with diagnoses.
It's important for individuals experiencing symptoms of GAD to seek professional assistance. Effective treatments like CBT and medications can help manage the condition and improve a person's quality of life. If you or someone you know is struggling with GAD, consulting with a mental health professional is advised as the first step in getting relief from the distress.
